{"id":2781,"date":"2022-08-24T16:27:15","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T16:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdhf.staging.not4prod.com\/?p=2781"},"modified":"2025-12-01T14:34:12","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T14:34:12","slug":"les-hemorroides-quest-ce-que-cest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdhf.ca\/fr\/les-hemorroides-quest-ce-que-cest\/","title":{"rendered":"Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes, qu&#8217;est-ce c&#8217;est?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes se d\u00e9veloppent lorsque la concentration de veines situ\u00e9e dans le rectum ou l\u2019anus gonfle et s\u2019\u00e9tire. M\u00eame si elles peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9currentes, douloureuses et embarrassantes, elles sont rarement dangereuses. Cette affection est \u00e9galement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la constipation et aux efforts excessifs lors de la d\u00e9f\u00e9cation et devient extr\u00eamement fr\u00e9quente avec l\u2019\u00e2ge<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748%2Fwjg.v18.i17.2009\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes internes et externes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il existe deux types d\u2019h\u00e9morro\u00efdes, class\u00e9s en fonction de leur emplacement. Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes internes se produisent dans la partie inf\u00e9rieure du rectum, la section terminale du gros intestin, et sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement indolores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes externes se forment sous la peau autour de l\u2019anus, provoquant une irritation et des l\u00e9sions de la peau. Si un caillot de sang commence \u00e0 se former \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de ce type d\u2019h\u00e9morro\u00efdes, il peut provoquer une douleur importante. Heureusement, le caillot se dissout g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement et laisse derri\u00e8re lui un exc\u00e9dent de peau. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sympt\u00f4mes courants des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque cette affection est symptomatique, elle peut provoquer<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.03.001\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a><sup>&nbsp;<\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Saignement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Douleur<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protrusion anale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9mangeaisons<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Classification des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes internes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes internes sont ensuite class\u00e9es en fonction de leur apparence et du grade du prolapsus<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.03.001\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>. Prolapsus est un terme m\u00e9dical qui d\u00e9crit le fait que des organes internes, comme les vaisseaux sanguins situ\u00e9s sous l\u2019anus, sortent de leur position habituelle. Ces grades, connus sous le nom de classification de Goligher, permettent de d\u00e9terminer la gravit\u00e9 de l\u2019h\u00e9morro\u00efde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Grade I&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Saignement interne mais pas de prolapsus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grade II&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Le prolapsus ne se produit que lors d\u2019un effort, mais se r\u00e9sorbe de lui-m\u00eame.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grade III&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Le prolapsus se produit pendant l\u2019effort mais n\u00e9cessite une remise en place manuelle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grade IV&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Les vaisseaux sanguins sous l\u2019anus restent toujours sortis de leur position habituelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cdhf.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/hemorrhoidsgrades-1024x389.webp\" alt=\"hemorrhoid grades\" class=\"wp-image-7938 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"389\" src=\"https:\/\/cdhf.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/hemorrhoidsgrades-1024x389.webp\" alt=\"hemorrhoid grades\" class=\"wp-image-7938\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes sont-elles fr\u00e9quentes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comme la plupart des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes ne causent pas de sympt\u00f4mes, il est difficile d\u2019estimer la fr\u00e9quence de cette affection. Une \u00e9tude portant sur des patients soumis \u00e0 un d\u00e9pistage de routine du cancer a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que 39&nbsp;% d\u2019entre eux avaient des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes, et que plus de la moiti\u00e9 ne signalaient aucun sympt\u00f4me<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-011-1316-3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>. De plus, les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes sont plus susceptibles de se d\u00e9velopper chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es de 45 \u00e0 65 ans<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-011-1316-3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelles sont les causes des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les causes des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes ne sont pas tr\u00e8s connues, mais il existe de nombreux facteurs de risque bien \u00e9tablis qui augmentent les chances d\u2019en avoir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les facteurs de risque les plus importants sont les suivants<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/0201\/p172.html#afp20180201p172-b5\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><sup>&nbsp;<\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Effort et constipation<\/strong>&nbsp;: Ajoutent une pression excessive sur les veines de l\u2019anus et du rectum, ce qui peut les faire s\u2019\u00e9tirer et gonfler.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ob\u00e9sit\u00e9&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Elle est souvent associ\u00e9e \u00e0 un r\u00e9gime pauvre en fibres et \u00e0 d\u2019autres probl\u00e8mes gastro-intestinaux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grossesse<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfp.ca\/content\/54\/2\/189.short\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a>&nbsp;: Plus d\u2019une femme sur quatre aura des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes pendant la grossesse en raison de la pression abdominale suppl\u00e9mentaire et des changements hormonaux.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diarrh\u00e9e chronique<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMcp1204188?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&amp;rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a><sup>&nbsp;<\/sup><strong>:<\/strong>&nbsp;Elle peut provoquer une inflammation dans l\u2019anus ou le rectum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Di\u00e8te pauvre en fibres<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMcp1204188?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&amp;rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a><sup>&nbsp;<\/sup><strong>:&nbsp;<\/strong>Cela peut occasionner des efforts et de la constipation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous pouvez peut-\u00eatre pr\u00e9venir les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes en pr\u00e9servant la sant\u00e9 de votre intestin. Cela inclut notamment adopter une alimentation saine et riche en fibres, boire plus d\u2019eau et traiter toute constipation ou diarrh\u00e9e \u00e9ventuelle<a href=\"https:\/\/myhealth.alberta.ca\/Health\/Pages\/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw213495\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>. Rester actif en faisant de l\u2019exercice et \u00e9viter de demeurer assis pendant de longues p\u00e9riodes peut \u00e9galement aider<a href=\"https:\/\/myhealth.alberta.ca\/Health\/Pages\/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw213495\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quand devrais-je consulter un m\u00e9decin?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si vous remarquez r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement du sang dans vos selles, un prolapsus, des d\u00e9mangeaisons ou des douleurs, il est peut-\u00eatre temps de consulter votre m\u00e9decin. Le m\u00e9decin peut proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un examen physique de l\u2019anus et du rectum pour rechercher des signes d\u2019h\u00e9morro\u00efdes ou de prolapsus<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/0201\/p172.html#afp20180201p172-b5\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>.&nbsp;En plus de sugg\u00e9rer des changements de mode de vie et des traitements, ce premier rendez-vous permet de d\u00e9celer de possibles affections plus graves comme le cancer colorectal<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/0201\/p172.html#afp20180201p172-b5\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Traitement des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le traitement initial des h\u00e9morro\u00efdes implique des changements de mode de vie, notamment&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Manger davantage de fibres&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Une alimentation contenant au moins 25 grammes de fibres favorise un transit intestinal sain et pr\u00e9vient la constipation. Si cela n\u2019est pas possible par le biais de l\u2019alimentation, des compl\u00e9ments de fibres en vente libre peuvent augmenter l\u2019apport.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Boire plus d\u2019eau&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Cela facilitera l\u2019\u00e9vacuation des selles et \u00e9vitera les efforts excessifs et la constipation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Amollisseurs de selles&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ils facilitent \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9vacuation des selles et \u00e9vitent les efforts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bain d\u2019eau chaude<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/0201\/p172.html#afp20180201p172-b5\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u00c9galement appel\u00e9 bain de si\u00e8ge, l\u2019immersion des fesses et des hanches dans l\u2019eau chaude pendant 20 minutes apr\u00e8s les selles, et deux ou trois fois de plus par jour, peut aider \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l\u2019irritation et \u00e0 apaiser la douleur et le gonflement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il existe \u00e9galement de nombreux rem\u00e8des en vente libre qui procurent un soulagement temporaire. Ces pr\u00e9parations comprennent souvent deux ou plusieurs des \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748%2Fwjg.v18.i17.2009\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><sup>,<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2018\/0201\/p172.html#afp20180201p172-b5\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><sup>,<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodrx.com\/conditions\/hemorrhoids\/what-works-for-hemorrhoids\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Astringents (hamam\u00e9lis)&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Prot\u00e8gent les zones irrit\u00e9es et soulagent la sensation d\u2019inconfort ou de br\u00fblure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Agents protecteurs (oxyde de zinc)&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Prot\u00e8gent la peau et les zones irrit\u00e9es pour pr\u00e9venir le dess\u00e8chement et procurer un soulagement apaisant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00e9congestionnants (ph\u00e9nyl\u00e9phrine)&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;R\u00e9tr\u00e9cissent les vaisseaux sanguins pour soulager les br\u00fblures et les gonflements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>St\u00e9ro\u00efdes&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;R\u00e9duisent les gonflements, les rougeurs et les d\u00e9mangeaisons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anesth\u00e9siques topiques&nbsp;:<\/strong>&nbsp;Permettent un soulagement cibl\u00e9 de la douleur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Flavono\u00efdes (diosmine)\u00a0:\u00a0<\/strong>Ces compos\u00e9s bioactifs sont utilis\u00e9s pour r\u00e9duire la douleur, le gonflement et les saignements qui accompagnent les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes sont une affection courante caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9tirement ou le gonflement des vaisseaux sanguins dans l\u2019anus ou le rectum. Si cette affection est souvent asymptomatique, elle provoque parfois des douleurs, des irritations et des saignements dans les selles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un m\u00e9decin peut aider \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter de possibles affections plus graves et vous proposer une strat\u00e9gie pour g\u00e9rer les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes&nbsp;: manger davantage de fibres, boire plus d\u2019eau, prendre des bains chauds et utiliser des amollisseurs pour les selles. De plus, des traitements en vente libre peuvent vous apporter le soulagement dont vous avez besoin.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gradient-divider\"><\/div><div class=\"sponsor-block wp-block-cdhf2022-cdhf-sponsor\"><p><span>Cet article est commandit\u00e9 par <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hemovel.com\/fr?utm_source=cdhf_fr&amp;utm_medium=article_video&amp;utm_campaign=cdhf_hemovel\"><span><u>Hemovel<\/u><\/span><\/a><strong>\u00ae<\/strong><span>, une marque d\u00e9pos\u00e9e appartenant \u00e0 Norwell Sant\u00e9 Grand Public Inc. <\/span><span>Ce produit peut ne pas vous convenir. Lisez et respectez toujours l\u2019\u00e9tiquette.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><div class=\"sponsor-details\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-small-font-size\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lohsiriwat V. Hemorrhoids: From basic pathophysiology to clinical management.&nbsp;<em>World Journal of Gastroenterology<\/em>. 2012;18(17):2009. doi:10.3748\/wjg.v18.i17.2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position statement: Diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids .&nbsp;<em>Gastroenterology<\/em>. 2004;126(5):1461-1462. doi:10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.03.001<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Riss S, Weiser FA, Schwameis K, et al. The prevalence of hemorrhoids in adults.&nbsp;<em>International Journal of Colorectal Disease<\/em>. 2011;27(2):215-220. doi:10.1007\/s00384-011-1316-3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mott, T., Latimer, K., &amp; Edwards, C. (2018). Hemorrhoids: diagnosis and treatment options.&nbsp;<em>American family physician<\/em>, 97(3), 172-179.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Staroselsky, A., Nava-Ocampo, A. A., Vohra, S., &amp; Koren, G. (2008). Hemorrhoids in pregnancy.&nbsp;<em>Canadian Family Physician<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>54<\/em>(2), 189-190.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jacobs D. Hemorrhoids.&nbsp;<em>New England Journal of Medicine<\/em>. 2014;371(10):944-951. doi:10.1056\/nejmcp1204188<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hemorrhoids. MyHealth.Alberta.ca Government of Alberta Personal Health Portal. https:\/\/myhealth.alberta.ca\/Health\/Pages\/conditions.aspx?hwid=hw213495. Consult\u00e9 le 21 juin 2022. &nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hemorrhoid cream overview, uses and alternatives \u2013 goodrx. https:\/\/www.goodrx.com\/conditions\/hemorrhoids\/what-works-for-hemorrhoids. Consult\u00e9 le 21 juin 2022.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes se d\u00e9veloppent lorsque la concentration de veines situ\u00e9e dans le rectum ou l\u2019anus gonfle et s\u2019\u00e9tire. M\u00eame si elles peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9currentes, douloureuses et embarrassantes, elles sont rarement dangereuses. Cette affection est \u00e9galement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la constipation et aux efforts excessifs lors de la d\u00e9f\u00e9cation et devient extr\u00eamement fr\u00e9quente avec l\u2019\u00e2ge[1]. Quelle est [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4671,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[111,113],"tags":[96,51,140,93],"class_list":["post-2781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article-fr","category-video-fr","tag-constipation-fr","tag-tags-hemorroids","tag-hemorroides-fr","tag-bowelconcerns-fr"],"acf":{"article_writer":[636]},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/cdhf.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Bannerimage1.webp","author_info":{"display_name":"Kelsey Cheyne","author_link":"https:\/\/cdhf.ca\/fr\/author\/kelsey-cheyne\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes, qu&#039;est-ce c&#039;est? - Canadian Digestive Health Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cdhf.ca\/fr\/les-hemorroides-quest-ce-que-cest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes, qu&#039;est-ce c&#039;est? - Canadian Digestive Health Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les h\u00e9morro\u00efdes se d\u00e9veloppent lorsque la concentration de veines situ\u00e9e dans le rectum ou l\u2019anus gonfle et s\u2019\u00e9tire. M\u00eame si elles peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9currentes, douloureuses et embarrassantes, elles sont rarement dangereuses. Cette affection est \u00e9galement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la constipation et aux efforts excessifs lors de la d\u00e9f\u00e9cation et devient extr\u00eamement fr\u00e9quente avec l\u2019\u00e2ge[1]. 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